ESD Data Bank

Gross International Reserves (GIR) are foreign assets held by the BSP in foreign investments, gold, and foreign exchange. These are also supplemented by claims to the International Mo..

The exchange rate is the price of a unit of foreign currency in terms of the domestic currency. In the Philippines, for instance, the exchange rate is conventionally expressed as the value of one US dollar in peso equivalent. For example, US$1 = P50.00..

Reserve assets are those external assets that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other rela..

Other Investments is a residual category that includes positions and transactions other than those included in direct investments, portfolio investments, financial derivatives and employee stock options, and reserve assets. To the extent that the follo..

Financial Derivatives transactions cover largely the settlement of obligations arising from financial derivative contracts. Financial derivative is a financial instrument that is linked to another specific financial instrument, indicator or commodity, ..

Portfolio investment is usually referred to as “hot money” since the investor’s motiveis short-term as opposed to a direct investor’s significant degree of influence in a company. A portfolio investor will buy or sell a financia..

Direct investment refers to capital participation in a company in which the investor has a significant degree of influence on management of the company. By convention, this is manifested by ownership of at least ten percent of the company’s equit..

The capital account consists of capital transfers and acquisition and disposal of nonproduced, nonfinancial assets between residents and nonresidents. This also includes grants and donations, the intention of which is for investment (i.e., machinery an..